Grammar Summary Alphabet Sentence Indefinite Article definite Article Singular & Plural irregular Plural Days , Month & Seasons Coordinates Numbers Masculine & Feminine Numbers Numerical Order Usage of Numbers with nouns Nouns Masculine & Feminine Nouns Compound Nouns Different Forms of Coptic Words Subject Pronouns Separate Subject Pronouns Prefix Subject Pronouns Verbs in Coptic Language Phonetic Changes in Verbs Tenses in Coptic Language Verb to be in Coptic Verb to Have in Coptic Verb to Have as Owe , in debit there is , there are verb to do Present Simple Simple Past articles indicating past tense Future Tense Changes in Pronouns in Future Writing a sentence in Coptic Place of Subject in sentence Different Usage of μ , ν difference between adjective & Pronoun demonstrative adjectives demonstrative Pronouns Possessive adjectives Possessive Pronouns irregular possessive Complement Pronoun Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous , Gerund Gerund Negation of noun & Verb Negation of Past Simple infinitive Negation of infinitive imperative prohibition Present of repetition Negation of present of repetition future of certainity Negation of Future of certainity Present of questions or narration Future of Questions & Narration imperfect Past using να +v. +πε Passive past tense using νε Past Perfect Second Past Perfect Past of repetition Conditional mode Present Conditional mode Past Conditional Mode Subjunctive Reflexive verbs Phrasal Verbs Verbs without subject Making Questions Adjective Adjectives Masculine & Feminine Place of Adjective Past Participle as adjective Special use of adjective Comparison Adverb If Conditional First Case of - If Conditional Second Case of - If Conditional Third Case of - If Conditional Mixed Case of - If Conditional Conjunction Affermative Apposition Preposition Complements Complement of Place Complement of Time Complement of Mode Complement of Comparison Complement of Price & Measure Complement of Companionship Complement of Tools Complement of Cause Complement of Contradiction Complement of Goal Relative Clause


أسامة ثابت


Lesson 87
درس 87
Apposition
 البدل



Apposition is a grammatical construction in which two elements, normally noun phrases, are placed side by side, with one element serving to identify the other in a different way; the two elements are said to be in apposition.

البدل عبارة عن بنية نحوية يتم فيها وضع كلمتين ، عادةً الجملة الاسمية ، جنبًا إلى جنب ، تقوم فيها الكلمة الثانية بتعريف الأولى ؛ ويقال إن الكلمتين يكونان تركيبة البدل



first noun identified "the + noun" or name of a person

+

apposition (definite article "the" + noun, possessive + noun)

الاسم الثاني ، معرف أو ملكية

+

الاسم الأول معرفة

`π

ϭοις

`φ

νουϯ

the

lord

the

God

ال

رب

ال

إله

Δαυιδ

πεϥ

ϣηρι

David

his

son

داوود

ــه

ابنــ




first noun identified "the + noun" or pronoun

+

ϫε

apposition (name of person)

اسم شخص

+

ϫε

الاسم الأول معرفة أو ضمير

πι

ρωμι

ϫε

Αβρααμ

the

man

namly

Abraham

ال

رجل

أي

إبراهيم

ϫε can be ommitted

يمكن أن تحذف

ϫε

πι

ρωμι

Αβρααμ

the

man

Abraham

ال

رجل

إبراهيم




ϫε can be omitted after words indicating month

يمكن أن تحذف التي تدل على الشهر

πι

αβοτ

`μϣηρ

the

month

Emshir

ال

شهر

أمشير

Apposition

noun + `ν , `μ + noun

  اسم

 `ν , `μ +

اسم

νεν

ιοϯ

`ν

αποςτολος

our

fathers

article to connect nouns

apostles

ــنا

أبائــ

أداة ربط

رسل

`ν . `μ can be replaced by definite article "the"

يمكن أن تستبدل بأداة تعريف

`ν . `μ

νεν

ιοϯ

νι

αποςτολος

our

fathers

the

apostles

ــنا

أبائــ

ال

رسل



pronoun +

ϧα +

 noun

اسم

ϧα +

ضمير

ανοκ

ϧα

πι

ρεϥερνοβι

I

indicator of

 apposition

the

sinner

أنا

أداة بدل

ال

خاطيء

with numbers noun + `ν , `μ + number

مع العدد

عدد

`ν , `μ

اسم

αυ

ϣεν

ωου

`μ

`π

`ςναυ

they

came

reflexive pronoun

indicator of

 apposition

the

two

هم

جاءوا

ضمير منعكس

أداة بدل

ال

أثنين







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